Diagnosed with diabetes – now what?

Some 500,000 people in Switzerland currently have diabetes. This means that one in every 16 people is affected. Approximately 90% of those affected have Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes occurs when the body no longer metabolises sugar in the blood properly. This can be fatal: chronically high blood sugar levels can cause long-term damage to the heart, eyes, kidneys and nerves.

But the good news is that diabetes is easily treatable today: Keeping your blood sugar within the target range can significantly reduce the risk of developing further health complications. However, many people find it difficult to make changes to their day-to-day lives. However, with tailored support from medical professionals and specialist organisations, many people succeed in adapting to their new circumstances. What is more, 150 minutes of exercise per week can bring about noticeable improvements. Low-impact sports include swimming, Nordic walking, hiking, Pilates, and yoga.

The main challenges faced by people with diabetes:

Technology and devices: how do I go about using sensors, a continuous glucose monitor, and apps?

Technology for managing diabetes has its advantages, but it also comes with new uncertainties. It is important to have a system that works properly. Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) systems are the most commonly used. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems make it easier to keep an eye on your blood-sugar levels, especially if you have insulin-dependent diabetes (Type 1 diabetes). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends choosing a system that is based on your individual needs.  

New medications: What are semaglutide, tirzepatide, and Mounjaro?

There are GLP-1 receptor agonists or dual-action agonists. Choosing the right one should be a decision made by health care professionals. Medication should be prescribed based on the patient's weight and heart risk. Medical supervision will remain important because of side effects. 

Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) are highly effective medications that are injected once a week and are used to treat Type 2 diabetes and, depending on regulatory approval, also severe obesity. Semaglutide acts via the hormone GLP-1, while tirzepatide also acts on the hormone GIP. Studies have shown that tirzepatide resulted in greater weight loss on average than semaglutide. Both medicines can cause typical gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea. 

Nutrition in day-to-day life: what can I still eat?

There is no special diet for diabetes. A Mediterranean or diet that is rich in fibre is flexible and suitable for day-to-day life – even for diabetics. The focus is on healthy carbohydrates, portion sizes and eating regularly, not on restrictions. Whole grains, legumes, vegetables and fruit contain carbohydrates that keep blood sugar levels stable and keep you feeling full for longer. They should make up 45 to 60% of your daily calorie intake, ideally with three servings (one handful each) spread over the day. You can use rolled oats, brown rice, lentils, potatoes and quinoa. 

Remission and lifestyle: can diabetes go away?

Remission is often misunderstood as a full recovery. However, diabetes does not simply resolve itself. Under certain conditions, remission is possible – i.e. normal blood sugar levels without the need for medication. However, the term recovery is not used; instead, it is seen as a state that must be actively maintained. The medical professionals treating you can assess your individual situation in a focused manner. 

Diabetes screening: how does early detection of Type 2 diabetes work?

Type 2 diabetes often develops insidiously. Pre-diabetes (a precursor to Type 2 diabetes) often goes unnoticed. Diabetes screening (early detection) is recommended for risk factors such as being overweight. This can help prevent complications in later life. 

School, work and day-to-day life: how do I deal with the challenges posed by diabetes in my day-to-day life?

Diabetes is more than a diagnosis; it is something you have to deal with every day. Training courses on how to deal with the challenges posed by diabetes can improve the success of your treatment and your confidence in day-to-day life. Hypoglycaemia must be taken into particular consideration when driving, exercising and in the case of children. 

The following quick checklists can help guide you when you have just been diagnosed with diabetes: 

1. Keep an eye on your blood sugar levels: take regular measurements or use a sensor. Discuss any changes with your health care professional. 
2. Recognising the signs of hypoglycaemia: watch out for symptoms such as trembling, sweating, restlessness and concentration problems, and keep glucose tablets handy. 
3. Make exercise part of your routine: every little bit counts because exercise can often lower blood sugar immediately. 
4. Do not stress about eating: rather than avoiding certain foods, consuming moderate portions of fibre-rich foods helps stabilise blood sugar levels. 
5. Make use of training courses: after all, knowledge provides reassurance and improves the effectiveness of your treatment. 

Family members should note the following: 

1. ask questions instead of making judgements: “what can I do to support you?” works better than any piece of advice. 
2. Take hypoglycaemia seriously: if someone suddenly becomes confused or looks very pale, you can give them glucose or, if in doubt, seek help. 
3. Encourage normality: indeed, diabetes is part of their daily lives – but it does not define them as a person. 
4. Establish shared, healthy routines: going for walks, eating balanced meals and reducing stress can help. 

Please note: the recommendations given here are meant to supplement what you already know and are not a substitute for medical advice. Medical professionals and Diabetes Schweiz will be happy to help.